Car starter

The starter can convert the electrical energy of the battery into mechanical energy, and drive the engine flywheel to realize the starting of the engine. Before the engine is running on its own power, it must be rotated by external force. The engine transitions from a stationary state to a self-operating process by means of an external force, called the starting of the engine.

As we all know, the start of the engine requires the support of external forces, and the car starter is playing this role. In general, the starter uses three components to achieve the entire starting process. The DC motor introduces current from the battery and mechanically moves the drive gear of the starter; the transmission mechanism engages the drive gear into the flywheel ring gear and can automatically disengage after the engine is started; the starter circuit is switched on and off by an electromagnetic switch To control.

Among them, the motor is the main component inside the starter.

  working principle

Its working principle is the transformation process of energy based on Ampere's law that we are exposed to in junior high school physics, that is, the action of the energized conductor in the magnetic field. The motor includes the necessary armatures, commutators, poles, brushes, bearings and housings.

Before the engine is running on its own power, it must be rotated by external force. The engine transitions from a stationary state to a self-operating process by means of an external force, called the starting of the engine. The starting methods commonly used in engines are human start, auxiliary gasoline engine start and electric start. The human start adopts the method of rope pulling or hand cranking, which is simple but inconvenient, and labor intensive. It is only suitable for some low-power engines. It is only reserved as a backup mode in some cars; the auxiliary gasoline engine is mainly used in high-power On the diesel engine; the electric starting mode is easy to operate, quick to start, has repeated starting ability, and can be controlled from a long distance, so it is widely used in modern automobiles.

System composition

The starting system converts the electrical energy stored in the battery into mechanical energy. To achieve this conversion, a starter must be used.

The function of the starter is to generate power from the DC motor, and the crankshaft of the engine is driven by the transmission mechanism to realize the starting of the engine. The starting system includes the following components: battery, ignition switch (starting switch), starter assembly, starter relay, and the like.

In the three components of the starter, the motor part generally has no essential difference. According to the form of the DC motor used, it can be divided into a common starter and a permanent magnet starter; the control device and the transmission mechanism are very different, so it is generally Classified according to the difference between the control device and the transmission mechanism.

     (1) Classification by control device

       1 Direct-operated starter It is a main circuit switch that directly controls the starter by a pedal or pull-bar linkage mechanism to turn on or off the main circuit, also called a mechanical starter. Although this method is simple in structure and reliable in operation, it is rarely used because it requires the starter and the battery to be close to the cab, and is limited by the installation layout, and is inconvenient to operate;

       2 Electromagnetically operated starter It is controlled by a button or an ignition switch, and then the main switch of the starter is controlled by a relay to turn on or off the main circuit, also called an electromagnetic controlled starter. This method can realize long-distance control and is convenient to work, and is widely used in modern automobiles.

     (2) According to the meshing mode of the transmission mechanism:

Inertial meshing type - has been eliminated

Forced meshing type - reliable operation, easy operation and wide application

Armature mobile type--complex structure, high-power diesel car

Gear moving type--electromagnetic switch pushes the engagement rod

Deceleration - small mass and complex structure

Maintenance advice

The starter is a valuable part of the car and is easily damaged. However, in order to extend the life of the starter, proper use is also required. In the process of starting the engine, the starter should introduce 300~400 Ah from the battery. Therefore, in order to prevent overcurrent or damage of the battery, the starting time should not exceed 5 s; in winter, it is easy to start difficult. Each start-up time should not be too long at the start, and appropriate intervals should be left in each start.